You've undoubtedly seen many USB chargers now labeled as including GaN or Gallium Nitride Technology.

What is Gallium nitride?

Gallium nitride (the chemical formula for this is GaN) is a crystal-like semiconductor material with special properties. GaN has been used in electronics for decades, starting with LEDs in the 1990s, where it was used to emit light to light TVs and computer displays before later finding its way into solar panels, where it was used to convert light into electricity.

Now GaN has found its way into transistors and is replacing the industry's previous favorite semiconductor material -- silicon.

What are the real world advantages of GaN tech?

The reduction in transistor size means that newer GaN USB chargers can be physically smaller than the older silicon technology chargers. And while it's nice to have smaller chargers, it is the increased efficiency that is the most important factor when it comes to USB chargers because the more efficient an electronic component is, the less waste heat it generates.

And the less waste heat generated, the lower the chances of overheating and the less cooling that is required to keep the charger operating safely.

Consumers are, understandably, concerned when chargers feel hot to the touch. While it is common for chargers that use silicon transistors to get to the point of almost being too hot to touch, I find it rare for a charger using GaN technology to feel mildly warm.

This greater efficiency and faster switching are critical for modern USB-C chargers because USB-C carries even increasing power loads, with 100W loads now being commonplace and 240W chargers soon to be a reality.

Should you upgrade to GaN today?

OK, so GaN USB chargers have a lot of advantages. Does this mean you should throw away your old chargers and upgrade?

If you are happy with your existing chargers, stick with them until you feel the need to upgrade, and then choose a new GaN USB charger that suits your needs. If there's nothing wrong with your chargers, and they do what you want them to do, it's a shame to turn them into e-waste.

However, if you need a smaller, cooler USB charger today, then I'd highly recommend choosing a GaN charger because you get all the benefits of modern technology for little additional cost.