Hey Questers,

Have you ever had a copper wire broadband connection at your homes, well that was OLD DSL connection which is known as digital subscriber line and in india , BSNL was the first one to provide these services with voltage -48DC.(Voltage will always be in + but why BSNL used -ve for PSTN connections?)

Earlier PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) which was also known as Landline Connection was used but later stages researcher found that we were having a dedicated channel for calling and it is known as Circuit switched network.

Circuit switched network is being used in 2G Calling and 4G also (Mainly used by Vi ) Because Vi doesn't have VoLTE. The network falls back to 2G/3G network for calling.

In India, DSL subscribers have significantly declined from 5 million in Q2 2021 to 2.58 million in Q2 2022. Copper lines are used by DSL for efficient transmission within the conventional download and upload speed limits ranging from 1 to 10 Mbps and 5 Mbps to 35 Mbps. There is a downward trend in Q3 2022; DSL subscribers dropped by 2.32 million . The DSL market in Global Countries is significantly declining. A downward trend is found where companies like AT&T have stopped providing DSL services and started upgrading users to“Internet air." DSL users have decreased by 21% in OECD countries over the last

five years, while fixed wireless access subscribers have increased by 93%, 26%, and 64% respectively. As the optical Fiber network grows globally, many countries, including USA,Spain, started phasing out DSL connections . Customers are no longer drawn to DSL Connections. The need for Fiber connections has risen locally and internationally due to the shift in emphasis toward FTTH connections. The Indian government has allocated 13.9 million for last-mile infrastructure, and the government also advises emphasizing FTTH connections.

The expansion of Fiber-optic internet and the promotions provided by telecom firms to customers who switch from DSL towards Fiber, including free installation, upgrade offers,discounted plans, and bundles of services like TV, subscription to OTT apps, will have a significant impact on the development of the wired broadband market in India.The development of fixed wireless access solutions, the 5G wireless standard, and the return of global satellite communication have all contributed to the fast-paced transformation of the telecom business.The growth of internet and communication service applications, the bundling of internet services, and better connections in India urban and rural regions are all

expected to contribute to the market for wired broadband expansion.

Influencing Factors:

↓ Unstable and Slower Data Rate.

↓ DSL could be replaced by FTTH and 5G- Fixed Wireless Access

↓ Aging Technology

↓ Promotion of FTTH services by the government

Figures from trai.gov.in- Performance Reports

Happy Reading 

Varun