Java, as one of the most popular programming languages, has evolved significantly over the years, offering developers a robust platform for building scalable applications. Advanced Java focuses on deeper aspects of the language, helping programmers take their skills to the next level.

One of the key advanced features is multithreading. Java provides built-in support for concurrent programming, allowing developers to write programs that can perform multiple tasks simultaneously. The Thread class and the Runnable interface are the core components for multithreading, enabling efficient CPU resource utilization in real-time applications.

Another important concept is JVM (Java Virtual Machine) Internals. Understanding how Java code is executed through the JVM provides insights into memory management, garbage collection, and performance optimization. Techniques such as just-in-time (JIT) compilation help improve runtime performance by converting bytecode into machine code during execution.

Java Streams API, introduced in Java 8, has revolutionized how developers process collections of data. With declarative programming style, streams enable operations like filtering, mapping, and reducing, which enhance readability and efficiency.

Design Patterns such as Singleton, Factory, and Observer, are essential in advanced Java for writing maintainable and scalable code. They provide reusable solutions to common design problems and promote cleaner, modular architecture.

Lastly, Reflection and Annotations allow dynamic code execution and metadata handling, offering flexibility in libraries and frameworks.

Reflection helps inspect and modify classes and methods at runtime, while annotations are widely used in frameworks like Spring for configuration and behavior customization.

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